Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of ecosystem services?

Accepted Answer

Natural processes that sustain human life and depend on the integrity of natural systems.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a regulating ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

Control of climate and disease

Question 3

A city is deciding between restoring its watershed for $$1 billion or building a water treatment facility for 8 $$billion. What ecosystem service is primarily being considered?

Accepted Answer

Water purification (regulating)

Question 4

Wetlands are able to remove up to 90% of nitrogen from water. What is a likely consequence of losing wetlands?

Accepted Answer

Increased nitrogen pollution and hypoxic waters

Question 5

Which human activity is most likely to increase contamination and flooding by disrupting natural water purification?

Accepted Answer

Constructing paved roads

Question 6

Mangroves and wetlands provide which critical ecosystem service to coastal communities?

Accepted Answer

Storm protection

Question 7

Ecosystem-based management (EBM) differs from traditional management by:

Accepted Answer

Managing human activities in the context of the whole ecosystem

Question 8

Why is EBM considered a paradigm shift in resource management?

Accepted Answer

It shifts from managing individual species to managing ecosystems and human activities.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a goal of ecosystem-based management?

Accepted Answer

Controlling every species and interaction in the ecosystem

Question 10

A region loses its coastal wetlands due to urban development. Which equation best represents the potential increase in storm damage costs ($$C) as a $$function of wetland area lost ($$A$$), assuming a linear relationship where $$k is a $$proportionality constant?

Accepted Answer

$$C = kA$$

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cumulative impacts in ecosystem-based management?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the combined effects of fishing, pollution, and coastal development on marine ecosystems

Question 12

In the Madagascar case study, what is the primary purpose of the buffer zone surrounding the core nature area?

Accepted Answer

To allow sustainable human use while protecting the core area

Question 13

Which of the following is a supporting ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient cycling

Question 14

A city experiences increased algal blooms after the loss of wetlands. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen removal

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ecosystem-based management?

Accepted Answer

Short-term perspective

Question 16

Why is it more expensive to artificially duplicate ecosystem services such as water purification?

Accepted Answer

Natural systems perform complex processes that are difficult and costly to replicate.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ecosystem-based management involves stakeholders?

Accepted Answer

Stakeholders are people with an interest or investment in management outcomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a cultural ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

Spiritual and recreational benefits

Question 19

If $$N is $$the amount of nitrogen entering a wetland and the wetland removes 80% of it, what is the amount of nitrogen ($$N_{out}) $$leaving the wetland?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{out} = 0.2N$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about ecosystem-based management is correct?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on managing human activities to maintain ecosystem services.

10.1 Ecosystem Services and Ecosystem-Based Management: Concepts and Applications

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