Question 1

Which process in the ecosystem converts light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules, as shown in the first diagram?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts

Question 2

In glycolysis, as depicted in the second diagram, which molecule is directly produced from glucose and serves as the substrate for the next step in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 3

During pyruvate oxidation (third diagram), which molecule is reduced as pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 4

Which of the following is a direct product of the Citric Acid Cycle (fourth diagram) that is used in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 5

According to the fifth diagram, what is the main function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

What is the equation for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase, as shown in the sixth diagram?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 7

Based on the seventh diagram, what determines whether pyruvate enters fermentation or aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

The presence of oxygen

Question 8

Which molecule acts as an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase (PFK) in glycolysis, as shown in the eighth diagram?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 9

If cellular respiration is inhibited at the electron transport chain, which step would still produce ATP, as shown in the ninth diagram?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 10

In yeast fermentation (tenth diagram), what is the final electron acceptor that allows NAD+ regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Acetaldehyde

Question 11

In human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions (eleventh diagram), what is the end product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 12

Which complex in the electron transport chain is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to water, as shown in the twelfth diagram?

Accepted Answer

Complex IV

Question 13

According to the thirteenth diagram, which pathway produces the greatest net gain of ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 14

If a toxin inhibits Complex I of the electron transport chain, which molecule would accumulate as a result?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the ecosystem (first diagram)?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces organic molecules and O2, which are used in cellular respiration

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 17

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most NADH per glucose molecule, according to the table in the last diagram?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 18

If oxygen is not available, which pathway will pyruvate follow, as shown in the seventh diagram?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 19

Which molecule is regenerated during fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Energy and Enzymes: Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Metabolic Pathways

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