Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes and processes proteins that are destined for secretion or for use in the cell membrane.

Question 2

A mutation prevents the formation of vesicles from the trans side of the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Export of proteins to the plasma membrane or other organelles.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for maintaining a low internal pH to optimize the activity of acid hydrolases?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 4

A plant cell is observed to have a large organelle filled with pigments. What is the most likely function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Attracting pollinators by providing color to petals or fruits.

Question 5

Which of the following equations best represents the detoxification reaction that occurs in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its primary function in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome – recycling and digestion of macromolecules

Question 7

A scientist observes that a cell is unable to process and sort proteins after they are synthesized in the rough ER. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lysosomal enzymes are most active at pH 5.0?

Accepted Answer

The acidic environment optimizes the catalytic activity of acid hydrolases.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of catalase. Which organelle's function would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the flow of a newly synthesized acid hydrolase from its site of synthesis to its final destination?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Lysosome

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A protein is synthesized in the rough ER, modified in the Golgi apparatus, and delivered to the lysosome for use.

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique feature of the Golgi apparatus that distinguishes it from other organelles?

Accepted Answer

It has a distinct cis and trans face for receiving and shipping proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can survive in hypotonic environments without bursting?

Accepted Answer

The vacuole stores excess water and creates turgor pressure against the cell wall.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of vesicles in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

They transport materials between organelles such as the ER, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely occur if the proton pumps in the lysosomal membrane stopped functioning?

Accepted Answer

The internal pH of the lysosome would increase, reducing the activity of acid hydrolases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function shared by both lysosomes in animal cells and vacuoles in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of macromolecules.

Question 19

A researcher finds that a certain eukaryotic cell type contains large numbers of peroxisomes. Which metabolic process is likely to be especially active in these cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Endomembrane System and Related Organelles

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