Question 1

Which of the following best describes the core theme of biology according to Darwin's theory?

Accepted Answer

Evolution by natural selection explains both the unity and diversity of life

Question 2

Lamarck proposed that giraffes acquired longer necks by stretching to reach higher leaves. Why is this idea not supported by modern evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Because acquired traits cannot be inherited genetically

Question 3

A population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic. Over time, the population becomes resistant. Which process best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acting on heritable variation

Question 4

Which observation did Darwin make that led to his conclusion about competition?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of offspring and limited resources

Question 5

What is the effect of unequal reproductive success in a population?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive traits become more common over generations

Question 6

Which equation best represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$

Question 7

In the context of moths evolving elongated tails to avoid bat predation, which concept is illustrated?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation through natural selection

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must have identical traits

Question 9

Artificial selection differs from natural selection in that:

Accepted Answer

Humans intentionally select traits to breed

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between structure and function in biology?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin's structure enables it to transport oxygen

Question 11

A phylogenetic tree is used to:

Accepted Answer

Depict evolutionary relationships among species

Question 12

Which theme in biology explains why the structure of your hand allows you to manipulate objects?

Accepted Answer

Structure and function are related

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A bicycle assembled from parts can be ridden, but the parts alone cannot

Question 14

Why are humans considered agents of both artificial and natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans intentionally breed organisms and also change environments, affecting natural selection

Question 15

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Populations evolve, not individuals

Question 16

Which process is illustrated when pesticide-resistant insects survive and reproduce after pesticide application?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 17

Which formula represents the cycling of matter in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

$\sum_{i=1}^{n} M_i = 	ext{constant}$

Question 18

What is the main cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Selection for random mutations that confer resistance

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows in one direction, from producers to consumers

Question 20

Which statement about adaptations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adaptations are traits that enhance survival and reproduction and accumulate in populations over time

EXAM 1 PREP: Evolution, Natural Selection, and the Unifying Themes of Biology

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