Question 1

The two images above show structures from a plant root and the lining of a small intestine. What is the primary function shared by both structures?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 2

Which adaptation is illustrated by the root hairs in the first image, and why is it important for plant survival?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface area for water and mineral uptake

Question 3

The villi shown in the second image are found in the small intestine. Which process do they directly facilitate?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of digested nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 4

Why is increasing surface area a common adaptation in both plant roots and animal intestines?

Accepted Answer

It allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment

Question 5

If the villi in the small intestine were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased absorption of nutrients, leading to malnutrition

Question 6

Which equation best describes the process by which nutrients move from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 7

Root hairs are to plants as villi are to animals. Which of the following best explains this analogy?

Accepted Answer

Both structures maximize the surface area for absorption of essential substances.

Question 8

A mutation causes a plant to lack root hairs. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced uptake of water and minerals from the soil

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between surface area and diffusion rate, as seen in the structures above?

Accepted Answer

As surface area increases, the rate of diffusion also increases.

Question 10

In a patient with celiac disease, the villi of the small intestine are damaged. Which symptom would you expect as a direct result?

Accepted Answer

Malabsorption of nutrients leading to weight loss

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the adaptation shown in both images for the overall metabolism of the organism?

Accepted Answer

Increased efficiency in acquiring and utilizing nutrients for energy

Question 12

Which process is most directly enhanced by the structures shown in both images?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Exchange and Transport in Animals: Digestive System and Adaptations

Study Guide - Practice Questions