Q: Which equation best represents the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver promoted by insulin?

$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow \text{Glycogen}$$

Q: What is the normal range for blood glucose concentration in humans?

$$70-110\ \text{mg}/100\ \text{mL}$$

Question 1

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas and is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 2

What is the primary function of glucagon in glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release glucose into the blood

Question 3

A patient with an insulinoma (a tumor of pancreatic beta cells) would most likely experience which of the following changes in blood glucose and liver activity?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood glucose and increased glycogen synthesis

Question 4

Which equation best represents the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver promoted by insulin?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 	ext{Glycogen}$$

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and acts to suppress appetite by signaling the satiety center in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 6

In the experiment with genetically mutant mice, what was the effect of pairing an ob/ob mouse with a wild-type mouse on the ob/ob mouse's body mass?

Accepted Answer

The ob/ob mouse's weight gain was similar to wild-type

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the feedback mechanism regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 8

A person with type 1 diabetes mellitus is unable to produce insulin. What is the most likely consequence for their blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels will rise and remain elevated

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the stomach wall and triggers feelings of hunger before meals?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 10

Why can people become obese even if their intake of dietary fat is relatively low compared with carbohydrate intake?

Accepted Answer

Excess carbohydrates are converted to fat for long-term energy storage

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 12

What is the normal range for blood glucose concentration in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$70-110\ 	ext{mg}/100\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the small intestine after meals and acts as an appetite suppressant?

Accepted Answer

PYY

Question 14

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Excess body weight and lack of exercise

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the brain's access to glucose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Brain cells can take up glucose whether or not insulin is present

Question 16

In the experiment with db/db mutant mice, what happened when they were paired with wild-type mice?

Accepted Answer

The db/db mice lost weight and weakened, indicating a circulating factor could not suppress their appetite

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why adipose tissue is the most space-efficient way for the body to store large amounts of energy?

Accepted Answer

Fat oxidation releases about twice the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates or proteins

Question 18

Which hormone is released by the stomach and targets the same organ to stimulate gastric juice secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 19

What is the main physiological consequence of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Cells are unable to take up enough glucose, so fat becomes the main substrate for cellular respiration

Question 20

Which of the following hormones is most likely to be elevated in a person who is fasting and experiencing hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Feedback Circuits Regulating Digestion, Energy Storage, and Appetite

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