$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which experiment provided the first evidence that DNA is the genetic material responsible for transformation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Griffith's experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae and mice

Question 2

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what was the key finding that demonstrated DNA, not protein, is the genetic material of phage T2?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive phosphorus was found inside the bacterial cells

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 4

Which base pairing is correct according to the rules of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 5

The semi-conservative model of DNA replication was proven by which experiment?

Accepted Answer

Meselson and Stahl's experiment

Question 6

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 7

What is the main difference between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Leading strand is synthesized continuously, lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously

Question 8

Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 9

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information as:

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

Which codon is the universal start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 11

What is the function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation initiation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame of the genetic message

Question 13

During transcription, which strand of DNA serves as the template for mRNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand (3'→5')

Question 14

Which molecule provides the anticodon during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 15

What is the role of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It matches tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons and forms peptide bonds

Question 16

Which of the following is a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 17

A point mutation in the gene coding for hemoglobin can result in which disease?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The code is degenerate, meaning some amino acids are coded by more than one codon

Question 19

Which protein is used in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to cut DNA at a specific location?

Accepted Answer

Cas9

Question 20

If a DNA sequence is 5'-ATGCGT-3', what would be the complementary mRNA sequence transcribed from it?

Accepted Answer

From DNA to Protein: Molecular Basis of Inheritance and Gene Expression

Study Guide - Practice Questions