$$\text{DNA} \to \text{RNA} \to \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} 	o 	ext{RNA} 	o 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotes, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

A gene contains a promoter, a transcribed region, and a terminator. What is the primary function of the promoter?

Accepted Answer

To control when and where transcription begins

Question 4

If the template DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATGCGT-3'$$, what will be the sequence of the RNA transcript produced?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AUGCGU-3'$$

Question 5

Which of the following modifications occur to eukaryotic pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail

Question 6

Alternative splicing allows a single gene to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple different proteins

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the codons on mRNA

Question 8

A mutation changes the codon $$AUG to$$ $$AUA in $$the mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Translation initiation may fail because $$AUG is $$the start codon

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are 64 possible codons and 20 amino acids

Question 10

What is the function of the 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They help the mRNA exit the nucleus and protect it from degradation

Question 11

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between ribozymes and protein enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Ribozymes are made of RNA, while most enzymes are made of proteins

Question 13

A mature mRNA is found to contain only exons. What process is responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 14

Given the mRNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}AUGGCCUAA-3'$$, what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Ala

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing mRNA from DNA

Question 16

A scientist discovers a eukaryotic cell with defective spliceosomes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Pre-mRNA will retain introns, leading to abnormal proteins

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecule simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes can bind to the mRNA at different points after the start codon

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing between a DNA base and its complementary RNA base during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA

Question 19

A mutation in the terminator region of a gene is most likely to result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Failure to end transcription, resulting in an abnormally long RNA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the anticodon on tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It matches with the codon on mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid is added

From Genes to Proteins: Mechanisms of Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes

Study Guide - Practice Questions