$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{mRNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which section of a primary research article is MOST important for understanding the real-world implications of the findings?

Accepted Answer

Discussion/Conclusion

Question 2

What is the correct sequence of information flow from genotype to phenotype according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 3

A DNA template strand has the sequence $$3'-CGA-5'. $$What amino acid does this code for?

Accepted Answer

Serine (Ser)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a 'silent mutation'?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence

Question 5

Why do scientists read the abstract of a scientific paper first?

Accepted Answer

It summarizes the entire paper, including the main findings

Question 6

Which mRNA codon signals the start of translation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 7

A patient has a mutation in the antithrombin gene resulting in a nonfunctional protein. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of thrombosis (blood clots)

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about the human genome?

Accepted Answer

About 1.5% of the genome is coding DNA

Question 9

A single nucleotide change in the $$\beta-$$globin gene leads to sickle cell disease. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 10

Why do individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele (HbAS) have an advantage in malaria-endemic regions?

Accepted Answer

They have protection against malaria with minimal sickle cell symptoms

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why not all mutations result in a non-functioning protein?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, so some substitutions do not change the amino acid

Question 12

What is the role of ribosomes in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They translate mRNA into proteins

Question 13

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of pharmacogenomics?

Accepted Answer

Using genetic information to personalize drug prescriptions

Question 15

If a DNA sequence is $$5'-TAC-3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA codon and which amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$, Methionine (Met)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the purpose of peer review in scientific publishing?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the research meets standards of quality and integrity

Question 17

A news article about CRISPR differs from a primary research article in that it:

Accepted Answer

Translates complex science for a public audience

Question 18

Which of the following is a start codon in mRNA, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$; it signals the beginning of translation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell disease persists in certain populations?

Accepted Answer

It provides a selective advantage against malaria in heterozygotes

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical section in the format of a scientific paper?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

From Genes to Proteins: The Central Dogma, Mutations, and Human Genetic Variation

Study Guide - Practice Questions