Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which strand of DNA is used as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The strand running 3' to 5'

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains cytosine, while DNA does not.

Question 4

What is the primary control point for gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 6

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene would most likely affect which step of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why all cells in the human body contain the same DNA but have different functions?

Accepted Answer

Differential gene expression regulated by transcription factors

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of non-coding RNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

It does not require a primer to initiate synthesis.

Question 10

Which of the following sequences represents the template DNA strand for the mRNA sequence 5'-AUGAAAUCCUAG-3'?

Accepted Answer

5'-CTAGGATTTCAT-3'

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic regulatory binding sites can be far from the promoter, while prokaryotic sites are usually close.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why thymine is used in DNA instead of uracil?

Accepted Answer

Thymine helps distinguish DNA from RNA and protects against cytosine deamination.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an adaptor between amino acids and mRNA codons.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is correct?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of sigma factors in prokaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They help RNA polymerase recognize and bind to promoter sequences.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of mis-regulation of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Development of diseases such as cancer

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the energy for RNA polymerization comes from nucleoside triphosphates?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of two phosphate groups from each NTP releases energy to drive the reaction.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of regulated gene expression in response to environmental change?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria adjusting transcription patterns based on nutrient availability

Gene Expression: Basic Mechanisms in Transcription

Study Guide - Practice Questions