Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes an RNA molecule complementary to a DNA template.

Question 2

During translation, which molecule carries the amino acid to the ribosome and matches it to the mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 3

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 4

What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It helps RNA polymerase locate and bind to the gene to start transcription.

Question 5

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{TACGGTACG}\ 3'$$, what will be the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from it?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUGCCAUGC}\ 3'$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 7

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$5'	ext{ATG}\ 3' to$$ $$5'	ext{ATA}\ 3'. $$What effect will this have on translation?

Accepted Answer

The start codon will be lost, possibly preventing translation initiation.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template

Question 9

What is the role of the anticodon region of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It base pairs with the complementary mRNA codon.

Question 10

Which of the following codons is a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{UAA}$$

Question 11

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the tRNA gene. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Translation of mRNA to protein

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

Accepted Answer

Ribose has a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the 2' carbon, while deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom (H) at the same position.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the direction of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription proceeds from the 5' to 3' direction on the newly synthesized RNA.

Question 14

If the mRNA sequence is $$5'	ext{AUG-GCU-UAA}\ 3'$$, what is the corresponding amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Ala-Stop

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of gene expression regulation?

Accepted Answer

The presence of lactose in E. coli induces the transcription of genes needed to metabolize lactose.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between codons and anticodons?

Accepted Answer

Codons are found on mRNA and anticodons are found on tRNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a step in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 18

A scientist is studying a gene that codes for a protein. Which type of RNA will carry the information from the gene to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why only the middle of the mRNA is coded into protein during translation?

Accepted Answer

The start and stop codons define the region of mRNA that is translated.

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein

Study Guide - Practice Questions