Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology as illustrated in the provided materials?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation in a gene can lead to which of the following outcomes, as shown by the images of animals with unusual coloration?

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence that may alter the protein produced, affecting the organism's traits.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

A given amino acid can be specified by more than one codon.

Question 4

Given the DNA template strand 3′–ATTGCGTAC–5′, what is the sequence of the RNA transcribed from this strand?

Accepted Answer

5′–AUUGCGUAC–3′

Question 5

Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells, as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing

Question 6

If a DNA template strand has the sequence 3′–TACGCGTAC–5′, what is the sequence of the RNA transcribed from this strand?

Accepted Answer

5′–UACGCGUAC–3′

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a tobacco plant can express a firefly gene, as shown in the provided image?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is nearly universal, so genes from one organism can be expressed in another.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product, usually a protein.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Proteins act as a link between genotype (genetic information) and phenotype (observable traits).

Question 10

If a mutation changes a single nucleotide in a gene, which of the following outcomes is possible?

Accepted Answer

The protein produced may be unchanged due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a step in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 12

Using the genetic code chart, what amino acid is specified by the mRNA codon AUG?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why there are 64 possible codons but only 20 amino acids?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, so multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 14

In a bacterial cell, where does transcription occur?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation in the gene coding for melanin production, as illustrated by the images of animals with unusual coloration?

Accepted Answer

The animals may exhibit albinism due to reduced or absent melanin production.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of bioinformatics in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing DNA sequences to identify mutations associated with genetic diseases.

Question 18

If the mRNA sequence is 5′–UGGUUUGGCUCA–3′, use the genetic code chart to determine the sequence of amino acids produced.

Accepted Answer

Trp–Phe–Gly–Ser

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides (proteins).

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein

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