Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the mRNA strand?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 4

If a DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-ATGCGT-3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-UACGCA-3'

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

There are 64 possible codons, including three stop codons.

Question 6

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why most amino acids have more than one codon?

Accepted Answer

To provide redundancy that protects against some mutations

Question 8

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 9

Which of the following modifications occur to eukaryotic mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail

Question 10

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the composition of a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It is made of rRNA and proteins.

Question 12

Which codon serves as the start codon for translation in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AUG}$$

Question 13

A patient is exposed to a mutagen that causes a single base deletion in a gene. What is the most likely consequence for the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The reading frame will shift, likely altering every amino acid after the mutation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the poly-A tail added to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It helps the mRNA exit the nucleus and protects it from degradation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that changes one amino acid to another

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why precision in gene expression is necessary?

Accepted Answer

To prevent genetic disorders caused by mutations

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the universality of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is shared by almost all living organisms.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic message from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 19

A scientist uses CRISPR to repair a gene mutation in a cell. What is the primary goal of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To correct errors in the DNA sequence

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible outcome if a stop codon is mutated to code for an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be longer than normal.

Chapter 17 study guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions