Q: Which formula represents the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression?

$$\text{High DNA methylation} \rightarrow \text{Low gene expression}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a level of gene expression control that is unique to eukaryotes and not found in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin remodeling

Question 2

What is the primary function of chromatin remodeling in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To expose promoter regions for transcription initiation

Question 3

Which chemical modification of DNA is most likely to result in gene silencing by condensing chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Methylation of cytosine nucleotides

Question 4

A scientist treats chicken blood cells with DNase I. Which gene is most likely to be degraded, based on chromatin structure?

Accepted Answer

β-globin gene

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for adding acetyl groups to histone proteins, resulting in decondensed chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Histone acetyltransferase (HAT)

Question 6

What is the role of the promoter-proximal element in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

It is a regulatory sequence near the core promoter that binds activator or repressor proteins

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between bacterial and eukaryotic gene regulation for enzymes in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial genes are grouped in operons with a single promoter, while eukaryotic genes are scattered and each has its own promoter

Question 8

Which DNA regulatory sequence can be located far from the promoter, within introns, or downstream of the gene, and still function in transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

Enhancer

Question 9

In multicellular eukaryotes, what determines which genes are expressed in different cell types?

Accepted Answer

The presence of different transcription factors that bind specific regulatory sequences

Question 10

Which protein complex acts as a bridge between regulatory transcription factors and RNA polymerase II during transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

Mediator

Question 11

What is the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity on chromatin structure and gene expression?

Accepted Answer

HDAC removes acetyl groups, causing chromatin to condense and decrease gene expression

Question 12

Which formula represents the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{High DNA methylation} ightarrow 	ext{Low gene expression}$$

Question 13

A mutation disables an activator protein in yeast. What is the most likely outcome for genes involved in galactose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

None of the genes will be transcribed

Question 14

Which step in eukaryotic gene regulation involves the removal of histone proteins or sliding nucleosomes along DNA?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of activator proteins in transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

Degrading mRNA in the cytoplasm

Question 16

What is the consequence of DNA being tightly bound to histone proteins in condensed chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Promoter regions are hidden and transcription is inactive

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between mRNA stability and protein production?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Long-lived mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{More protein produced}$$

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of external signals in cell specialization during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

A signal activates a pathway that induces expression of muscle-specific transcription factors, turning on muscle genes

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in eukaryotic transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

Activator proteins bind enhancers, chromatin is remodeled, regulatory sequences are exposed, mediator assembles, general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bind core promoter, transcription begins

CH. 19 p.1 - Gene Expression Regulation in Eukaryotes: Chromatin Remodeling and Transcription Initiation

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