Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the base pairing during transcription?

$$\text{DNA:}~A \rightarrow \text{RNA:}~U$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the -10 and -35 boxes in bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

They are promoter elements recognized by sigma factor to initiate transcription.

Question 2

During eukaryotic mRNA processing, what is the primary purpose of adding a 5’ cap and a 3’ poly-A tail?

Accepted Answer

To protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation initiation.

Question 3

Given the DNA template strand sequence 3’-TACGGT-5’, what is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

5’-AUGCCA-3’

Question 4

What is the function of the sigma factor in bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes promoter sequences and helps RNA polymerase bind to DNA.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about splicing in eukaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Splicing removes introns and joins exons together, catalyzed by the spliceosome.

Question 6

A mutation causes a premature stop codon to appear in the middle of an mRNA. What is the most likely consequence for the gene product?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be truncated and likely nonfunctional.

Question 7

Why are there fewer tRNAs than codons in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Because of wobble pairing, some tRNAs can recognize multiple codons.

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for attaching the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 9

In bacteria, transcription and translation are said to be ‘coupled’. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Translation begins before transcription is finished, both occurring in the cytoplasm.

Question 10

If a mutation disrupts the function of snRNPs, which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the anticodon region of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA during translation.

Question 12

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the promoter region of a gene. Which process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the base pairing during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA:}~A ightarrow 	ext{RNA:}~U$$

Question 14

Which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 15

If a eukaryotic cell fails to add a 5’ cap to its mRNA, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be rapidly degraded and poorly translated.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes process their mRNA with capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are highly specific?

Accepted Answer

They recognize both the correct tRNA and the correct amino acid to ensure accurate translation.

Question 18

A scientist observes that a bacterial gene is being transcribed and translated simultaneously. Which cellular structure is responsible for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result from a mutation that prevents the formation of a hairpin loop in bacterial transcription termination?

Accepted Answer

Transcription would continue past the normal termination site.

Question 20

If a tRNA has the anticodon 3’-UAC-5’, which mRNA codon will it recognize?

Accepted Answer

5’-AUG-3’

Gene Expression: Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

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