$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which type of microscope would be most appropriate for visualizing the detailed internal structure of mitochondria within a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope

Question 2

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 3

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from an animal cell will most likely pass through which of the following pathways?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 4

Which statement best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids move freely within the bilayer, creating a dynamic structure.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic molecules can easily pass through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The interior of the membrane is hydrophobic, allowing similar molecules to diffuse through.

Question 6

A freshwater fish is placed in saltwater. What will happen to its cells due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Joining amino acids to form a protein, releasing water

Question 8

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which statement is true regarding energy transformations in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes chemical equilibrium in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

Question 10

ATP is often called the 'energy currency' of the cell. Which process directly uses ATP to perform cellular work?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of sodium ions across the plasma membrane

Question 11

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 12

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Which of the following is a net product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 13

Which of the following correctly matches the location of the Citric Acid Cycle in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 14

Alcoholic fermentation results in the production of which byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is correct?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle.

Question 17

In lactic acid fermentation, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the Electron Transport Chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons to oxygen, generating a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the Electron Transport Chain. Which symptom is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of lactic acid due to reliance on fermentation

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria, while prokaryotic cells do not.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Metabolism – Exam 2 Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions