Question 1

Which of the following conditions is NOT required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles for color: B (black) and b (brown). If the frequency of B is $$p = 0.7$$ and b is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.42$$

Question 3

Which mode of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range, potentially leading to speciation?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 4

According to the biological species concept, what is the primary criterion for defining a species?

Accepted Answer

Ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 5

Which process is most directly responsible for the evolution of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium by a prokaryote

Question 6

In plants, which tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves?

Accepted Answer

Xylem

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the alternation of generations in plants?

Accepted Answer

Plants alternate between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte stages

Question 8

Which structure in a flower produces microspores that develop into pollen grains?

Accepted Answer

Anther

Question 9

During animal embryonic development, which process results in the formation of a blastula?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE about protostome development?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage is spiral and determinate

Question 11

Which of the following is a physiological adaptation that helps endotherms conserve heat?

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent exchange

Question 12

In the nephron, which part is primarily responsible for the passive reabsorption of water?

Accepted Answer

Descending loop of Henle

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the function of saltatory conduction in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It speeds up action potential propagation by jumping between nodes of Ranvier

Question 14

Which part of the ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear?

Accepted Answer

Middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor that can affect species distribution?

Accepted Answer

Presence of pollinators

Question 16

What is the main difference between weather and climate?

Accepted Answer

Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions; climate is long-term patterns

Question 17

Which aquatic biome is characterized by high productivity due to nutrient-rich waters at the transition between river and sea?

Accepted Answer

Estuary

Question 18

A population of rabbits has a birth rate of 40 per year, a death rate of 30 per year, 10 immigrants enter, and 5 emigrants leave. What is the net change in population size?

Accepted Answer

15

Question 19

Which survivorship curve is typical of many birds, showing constant mortality throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Type II

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A bee pollinating a flower

General Biology Final Exam Review: Evolution, Diversity, Physiology, and Ecology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards