Question 1

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates genetic drift in a population?

Accepted Answer

A small group of birds is blown to a new island by a storm, and their allele frequencies differ from the original population.

Question 2

Which condition is NOT required for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 3

A population of 1000 individuals has two alleles, A and a. If the frequency of allele A ($$p) is 0.7 $$and allele a ($$q) is 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of post-zygotic reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of frogs mate, but their offspring are sterile.

Question 5

Which evidence most directly supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have their own circular DNA similar to bacterial genomes.

Question 6

Which process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic material from their environment, potentially leading to antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches a plant group with a key evolutionary innovation?

Accepted Answer

Gymnosperms – seeds

Question 8

Which tissue type is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in animals?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 9

A plant loses water through transpiration. Which structure is primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Stomata

Question 10

Which animal phylum is characterized by radial symmetry and stinging cells?

Accepted Answer

Cnidaria

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin filaments and pull them inward, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 12

Which of the following is a density-independent factor that can affect population size?

Accepted Answer

A severe drought

Question 13

In a logistic growth model, what happens to the population growth rate as the population size approaches carrying capacity ($$K$$)?

Accepted Answer

It decreases and approaches zero.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizal fungi increasing nutrient uptake for plants while receiving carbohydrates

Question 15

Which process in the nitrogen cycle is carried out by bacteria and converts atmospheric $$N_2$$ into ammonia ($$NH_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of keystone species in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They have a disproportionately large effect on community structure relative to their abundance.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the evolution of land plants?

Accepted Answer

Bryophytes → Pterophytes → Gymnosperms → Angiosperms

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the cellular structures targeted by antibiotics.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the phloem in vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

Transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis

Question 20

A scientist observes that two populations of insects living in the same forest are diverging into separate species without a physical barrier. Which type of speciation is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Sympatric speciation

General Biology II: Evolution, Diversity, Animal & Plant Function, and Ecology

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