Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of homeotic genes in animal development?

Accepted Answer

They determine the identity and arrangement of body segments.

Question 2

A population of beetles is exposed to a pesticide. After several generations, most beetles are resistant. Which evolutionary mechanism best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

The development of wings in bats and birds

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the formation of new alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of amphibians?

Accepted Answer

They lay eggs with a leathery shell on land.

Question 7

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, A and a?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why plants had to develop vascular tissue to colonize land?

Accepted Answer

To transport water and nutrients efficiently over greater distances

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of fungal structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Ascus – produces spores in ascomycetes

Question 10

A scientist observes that two unrelated desert plants have thick, fleshy stems for water storage. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

Primary succession occurs on newly exposed rock; secondary succession occurs after a disturbance that leaves soil intact.

Question 12

Which of the following is a density-dependent factor that can limit population growth?

Accepted Answer

A contagious disease

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Producers → Primary consumers → Secondary consumers → Decomposers

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Respiration by animals and plants returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A harmless butterfly species resembling a toxic butterfly

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the xylem in vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

Transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Cambrian explosion?

Accepted Answer

A period of rapid diversification of animal body plans

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the greenhouse effect?

Accepted Answer

It is the warming of Earth due to atmospheric gases trapping heat.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between commensalism and mutualism?

Accepted Answer

In commensalism, one species benefits and the other is unaffected; in mutualism, both species benefit.

General Biology II Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Review

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