$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will follow which correct pathway through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum $\rightarrow$ Golgi apparatus $\rightarrow$ Vesicle $\rightarrow$ Plasma membrane

Question 3

Which evidence supports the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA similar to prokaryotes.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids.

Question 5

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.

Question 6

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen to its volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same because there is no net movement of water.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 9

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate releases energy. Which equation correctly represents this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$

Question 10

Which statement about enzyme activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature and pH.

Question 11

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O}_2$)

Question 12

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 13

In the process of fermentation, which molecule is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the role of Acetyl-CoA in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle by delivering acetyl groups.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$

Question 16

Which statement correctly compares mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation, while chloroplasts perform photophosphorylation.

Question 17

Which component of the photosynthetic electron transport chain is responsible for splitting water and releasing oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Photosystem II

Question 18

If the Calvin cycle is disrupted due to a malfunction in the enzyme RuBisCO, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fixation will be impaired, reducing glucose synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is released from water molecules split by photosystem II.

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, Metabolism, Respiration, and Photosynthesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions