$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested, while a theory is a well-supported explanation based on a body of evidence.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth. Which of the following is the best example of a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Growing two groups of identical plants, one in sunlight and one in darkness, while keeping all other conditions the same.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to pass while blocking others based on size, charge, or polarity.

Question 7

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll captures light energy and initiates the light reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct summary equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 13

Which of the following is recycled in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 12 is basic.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a polymer made up of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the structure of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have a bent shape and are polar.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

General Biology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Review Questions (Ch. 1–7)

Study Guide - Practice Questions