Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$the solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested, while a theory is a well-supported explanation for a broad range of observations.

Question 2

A student measures the mass of a sample five times and gets the following values: 5.01 g, 5.00 g, 5.02 g, 5.01 g, and 5.00 g. The true mass is 5.50 g. Which statement best describes the student's measurements?

Accepted Answer

The measurements are precise but not accurate.

Question 3

Which of the following macromolecules is correctly matched with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – Fatty acid

Question 4

Which of the following bonds is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to surround and separate ions.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specific to their substrates due to their active site shape.

Question 8

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 10

During cellular respiration, which process produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 13

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A process that maintains homeostasis by counteracting deviations from a set point.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the laws of thermodynamics as they apply to living systems?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant (First Law).

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 20

A scientist wants to measure the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. Which of the following would be the best indicator?

Accepted Answer

The rate of oxygen production

General Biology Study Guide: Units 1–4 (Scientific Inquiry, Chemistry of Life, Macromolecules, Cell Structure & Function, Metabolism, and Enzymes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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