Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 2

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 3

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is $$polar because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative, causing an uneven distribution of charge.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, forming a bilayer.

Question 8

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$\approx 32$$

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 10

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create an open lattice, making it less dense than liquid water.

Question 12

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy transformations increase the entropy of the universe.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 18

Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic variation among gametes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group.

General Biology Study Notes: Chapters 2–8 (Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Energy, Photosynthesis, and Cell Division)

Study Guide - Practice Questions