Question 1

Which of the following is the most effective strategy to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases in a sheep or goat flock?

Accepted Answer

Implementing strict biosecurity measures, including isolation of new animals for 30-60 days

Question 2

A sheep presents with a temperature of 104.5°F, moist painful cough, and anorexia after recent transport. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Question 3

Which two bacteria are required for the development of footrot in sheep?

Accepted Answer

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus

Question 4

A sheep with a body condition score of 1 would most likely have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Spinous processes are sharp and prominent, with no fat cover

Question 5

Which vaccination is recommended for all sheep and goats to prevent enterotoxemia and tetanus?

Accepted Answer

CD&T (Clostridium perfringens Types C&D and Tetanus)

Question 6

A producer notices several late-term abortions and stillbirths in their flock. Which disease should be suspected, and what is a key prevention strategy?

Accepted Answer

Campylobacteriosis; vaccinate the flock and treat with tetracycline

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia (ketosis) in ewes?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate nutrient intake during late gestation, leading to fat metabolism and ketone body production

Question 8

A sheep is found dead with no prior signs, and necropsy reveals a pulpy kidney. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium perfringens Type D (overeating disease)

Question 9

Which of the following is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from sheep to humans through raw milk or infected carcasses?

Accepted Answer

Caseous lymphadenitis (CL)

Question 10

A sheep is diagnosed with soremouth. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this disease?

Accepted Answer

It is a pox virus, highly contagious, and scabs remain infectious even after falling off

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sheep are more susceptible to copper toxicity than goats?

Accepted Answer

Sheep excrete copper more slowly, leading to liver accumulation and sudden release into the bloodstream

Question 12

A lamb is found with rigid limbs and muscle spasms a week after tail docking with a rubber band. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani

Question 13

Which of the following is a recommended dietary management strategy to prevent ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep?

Accepted Answer

Introduce high grain diets gradually over 10-14 days

Question 14

A sheep with a body condition score of 4 would most likely have which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Spinous processes can be detected only with pressure as a hard line, and transverse processes cannot be felt

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the transmission and prevention of toxoplasmosis in sheep?

Accepted Answer

Transmitted by protozoan parasites from cat and rodent feces; prevented by controlling stray cats and rodents

Question 16

Which of the following is a key sign of grass tetany in sheep, and what is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Rigid limbs due to magnesium deficiency, often from lush spring grass

Question 17

A sheep is found with intense scratching, a staring gaze, and a bunny-hopping gait. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Scrapie, a prion disease

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the recommended vaccination schedule for CD&T in pregnant ewes?

Accepted Answer

Vaccinate twice if never vaccinated, with the last dose 20 days before lambing; give annual booster 30 days before parturition

Question 19

Which of the following is a common management error that can lead to rectal prolapse in show and feedlot lambs?

Accepted Answer

Docking tails too short and feeding high grain diets

Question 20

A sheep with a body condition score of 5 would most likely have which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Spinous processes cannot be detected, and there is a depression between fat where the spine would normally be felt

General Health and Management of Small Ruminants: Sheep and Goats

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