Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins, such as the alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 2

A mutation in the gene encoding an enzyme in a metabolic pathway leads to the accumulation of a substrate and the absence of a product. This scenario best supports which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The one gene, one enzyme hypothesis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, what is the correct sequence of events for gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → RNA processing → Translation

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

AUG codes for methionine and also serves as a start codon.

Question 6

A protein is found to consist of four separate polypeptide chains. Which level of protein structure does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Question 7

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATGCGT	ext{-}3'$$, what is the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this strand?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}ACGCAU	ext{-}3'$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 9

A patient with alkaptonuria has darkened urine due to a mutation in a gene on chromosome 3. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A mutation affecting an enzyme in a metabolic pathway

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the blending inheritance hypothesis was rejected?

Accepted Answer

Traits reappeared in later generations, indicating particulate inheritance.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA produced during gene expression?

Accepted Answer

dRNA

Question 12

If a protein is 100 amino acids long, what is the minimum number of nucleotides required in the coding region of the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$300$$

Question 13

Which of the following mutations would most likely have no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation

Question 14

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a gene and a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a DNA sequence that determines the structure of a protein or RNA, which in turn affects phenotype.

Question 16

Which of the following codons signals the termination of translation?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the directionality of nucleic acid synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why some amino acids are specified by more than one codon?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mutation that does NOT affect phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in a non-coding region of DNA

Question 20

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure is determined by interactions between R groups.

LEC 20:Genes, Proteins, and the Flow of Genetic Information

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