Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the lac operon in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

It is an inducible operon that is turned on in the presence of lactose.

Question 2

What is the primary effect of DNA methylation on gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It turns gene expression off by condensing chromatin.

Question 3

A female mammal is a genetic mosaic due to which process?

Accepted Answer

X chromosome inactivation

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about the trp operon?

Accepted Answer

It is repressible and turned off by the presence of tryptophan.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a real-world application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying DNA for forensic analysis

Question 7

What is the role of restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why alternative RNA splicing increases protein diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.

Question 9

A mutation in a proto-oncogene results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Unregulated cell division due to the creation of an oncogene

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of noncoding RNAs such as miRNAs?

Accepted Answer

They bind to mRNA and prevent translation.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of gene cloning using plasmids?

Accepted Answer

A gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid, which is then introduced into bacteria for replication.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of epigenetic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Methylation of DNA that is passed to daughter cells

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result of signal transduction in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A signal molecule binds to a receptor and triggers a cellular response.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of tumor-suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit cell division.

Question 15

Golden Rice was developed using biotechnology to address which nutritional deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 16

Which of the following is a benefit of using enzymes in industrial biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

They make industrial processes more efficient and sustainable.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

It allows for precise editing of DNA at specific locations.

Question 18

In DNA profiling, which technique is used to separate DNA fragments by size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to clean up oil spills

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why gene therapy can be a permanent cure for some genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

It introduces a normal allele into stem cells that continue to divide and produce new cells.

Genetic Control and DNA Technology: Regulation, Expression, and Applications

Study Guide - Practice Questions