Question 1

A pig has erect ears, which is a dominant trait (E). You want to determine if the pig is homozygous (EE) or heterozygous (Ee) for this trait. You cross it with a pig that has droopy ears (ee). What offspring ratio would indicate the original pig is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Half offspring have erect ears, half have droopy ears

Question 2

In Mendel’s pea plant experiments, crossing two heterozygous purple-flowered plants (Pp x Pp) results in what phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{4}$$ purple : $$\frac{1}{4}$$ white

Question 3

A sheep with black wool (ww) is crossed with a heterozygous sheep (Ww). White wool (W) is dominant. What is the expected genotype ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 Ww : 1 ww

Question 4

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Genes for different traits are inherited independently if they are on different chromosomes

Question 5

A man is heterozygous for Huntington’s disease (Hh), a dominant disorder. His partner does not have the disease (hh). What is the probability their child will develop Huntington’s disease?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 6

In a flower species, petal color is determined by two codominant alleles: A (red) and B (yellow). If a BB plant is crossed with an AB plant, what is the expected phenotype ratio?

Accepted Answer

1 yellow : 1 red-yellow

Question 7

A woman is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease (Tt), an autosomal recessive disorder. Her partner is not a carrier (TT). What is the probability their child will develop Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

$$0\%$$

Question 8

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated by the following scenario: A person with wavy hair has parents with curly hair and straight hair?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 9

A pedigree shows that a disorder affects both males and females equally, and affected children often have unaffected parents. What type of inheritance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 10

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects multiple traits

Question 11

A man with normal vision (XBY) and a woman who is a carrier for red-green color blindness (XBXb) have children. What is the probability their son will be color-blind?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 13

If two parents are not color-blind, but the mother’s father was color-blind, what is the probability their daughter will be color-blind?

Accepted Answer

$$0\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why genes that are close together on the same chromosome are often inherited together?

Accepted Answer

They are linked and less likely to be separated during crossing over

Question 15

Which equation represents the expected phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb) with independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of X-linked recessive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Affected fathers always pass the disorder to their sons

Question 17

Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that are NOT due to changes in DNA sequence. Which mechanism is involved in epigenetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin remodeling and methylation

Question 18

A person with blood type AB has parents with blood types A and B, both of whom had a parent with blood type O. What is the probability that their child will have blood type A?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 19

Which scenario best illustrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A flower with pink petals from red and white parents

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

The SRY gene affecting both sex determination and other traits

Genetics: Mendelian and Complex Inheritance, Genetic Disorders, and Epigenetics

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