Q: What is the correct sequence of information flow according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Q: Given the following DNA non-template strand: $$5'\text{ATG GCC AAT GAC TTT CAA TAA}3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

$$5'\text{AUG GCC AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA}3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'one-gene, one-enzyme' hypothesis as originally tested in Neurospora experiments?

Accepted Answer

Each gene codes for a single enzyme, and disrupting the gene disrupts the enzyme's function.

Question 2

What is the correct sequence of information flow according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 3

Which process is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 4

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$	ext{TAC} to$$ $$	ext{TAT}$$, but the amino acid sequence remains unchanged. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The code is ambiguous, with some codons specifying more than one amino acid.

Question 6

A point mutation results in a premature stop codon. What is the likely consequence for the protein product?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be truncated and likely nonfunctional.

Question 7

If a single nucleotide is inserted into a coding sequence, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A frameshift mutation

Question 8

Which of the following is an exception to the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

Some genes code for RNAs that are never translated into proteins.

Question 9

Given the following DNA non-template strand: $$5'	ext{ATG GCC AAT GAC TTT CAA TAA}3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG GCC AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA}3'$$

Question 10

A chromosome segment breaks off, flips, and reattaches in the reverse orientation. What type of chromosomal mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'conservative'?

Accepted Answer

When multiple codons code for the same amino acid, the first two bases are usually the same.

Question 12

A segment of a chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome. What is this mutation called?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 13

Which of the following is a possible effect of a mutation in a non-coding region of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It can alter gene expression and affect phenotype.

Question 14

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{GAA} ($$glutamic acid) to $$	ext{GUA} ($$valine). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 15

Why is it valuable to know the genetic code when studying a gene sequence?

Accepted Answer

It allows prediction of the amino acid sequence of the protein produced.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that results from the addition or deletion of one or two nucleotides, altering the reading frame.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to result from a chromosome deletion mutation?

Accepted Answer

A segment of the chromosome is lost, potentially removing several genes.

Question 18

A mutation in the gene for the melanocortin receptor in mice changes the amino acid sequence of the protein. What is the most direct effect of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

It alters the protein's structure, which may affect pigment production and coat color.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of a mutation?

Accepted Answer

Guaranteed improvement in phenotype

How Genes Work: From DNA to Protein and the Impact of Mutations

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