$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Proteins}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Proteins}$$

Question 2

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} ($$tyrosine) to $$	ext{UAA} ($$stop codon). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 3

Which process is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 4

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$3'	ext{-TACGGTACC-}5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-AUGCCAUGG-}3'$$

Question 5

Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 6

A segment of a chromosome breaks off, flips around, and rejoins. What is this type of mutation called?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 7

Which codon serves as the start codon for translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 8

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein is called:

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why a frameshift mutation is often more severe than a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

It alters the reading frame, changing all downstream amino acids.

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 11

A chromosome mutation results in a segment of a chromosome being present in multiple copies. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Duplication

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of a beneficial mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that increases resistance to malaria in heterozygotes

Question 13

If the mRNA sequence is $$5'	ext{-AUGGCCUAA-}3'$$, what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Ala-Stop

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Each amino acid is coded by only one codon.

Question 15

A mutation that changes a single base pair and results in a different amino acid is called:

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines the proteins produced, which in turn determine phenotype.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

A change in chromosome number

Question 18

A section of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as a 'triplet code'?

Accepted Answer

Each codon consists of three nucleotides.

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to be a neutral mutation?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation in a non-coding region

How Genes Work: The Central Dogma, Genetic Code, and Mutations

Study Guide - Practice Questions