Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the primary and secondary immune responses as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

The secondary immune response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response.

Question 2

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to helper T cells, as depicted in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Question 3

What is the main function of cytotoxic (killer) T cells, as illustrated in the third and fourth images?

Accepted Answer

They destroy infected or cancerous cells by releasing perforin and enzymes.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of perforin in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Perforin forms pores in the membranes of infected cells, leading to cell death.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why organ transplants may be rejected by the recipient's immune system?

Accepted Answer

The recipient's immune system recognizes foreign glycoproteins on the transplanted organ as antigens.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies through breast milk

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct example of an immunodeficiency disease?

Accepted Answer

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 10

How do antibodies help eliminate antigens from the body? (Select the best answer)

Accepted Answer

By marking antigens for destruction, neutralizing toxins, and agglutinating pathogens

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the cause of allergies?

Accepted Answer

The immune system produces antibodies against harmless environmental substances.

Question 12

Which cells are primarily infected and destroyed by HIV, leading to immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and stronger than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells are present and quickly produce large amounts of antibodies.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Getting sick with measles and recovering

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the lymphatic system in immunity?

Accepted Answer

It transports lymphocytes and filters pathogens from lymph.

Question 16

Which of the following is a possible consequence of a cytokine storm during a severe viral infection such as COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

Blood clots, nerve damage, and organ failure

Question 17

Which of the following best describes how SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) enters human cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses the ACE-2 receptor on respiratory tract cells as an entry point.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a way that antibodies mark antigens for elimination?

Accepted Answer

Directly lysing infected cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why individuals with immunodeficiency diseases are more susceptible to infections?

Accepted Answer

They lack sufficient numbers of functional lymphocytes to mount an effective immune response.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the clonal selection of B cells during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

B cell binds antigen → B cell divides into plasma and memory cells → Plasma cells produce antibodies

Immunology: The Body’s Defense Mechanisms and Disease

Study Guide - Practice Questions