Question 1

Which process describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, as summarized by the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, translation

Question 2

A template strand of DNA contains 15% thymine (T), 34% cytosine (C), and 16% guanine (G). What percentage of the resulting mRNA will be uracil (U)?

Accepted Answer

15%

Question 3

Which sugar is found in the backbone of RNA, and how does it differ from the sugar in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribose; it has an extra hydroxyl group compared to deoxyribose

Question 4

If a DNA template strand is 270 bases long and produces a start codon as the first triplet, how many nucleotides will the mRNA strand have, and how many amino acids will the protein contain (assuming no stop codon is reached)? Format your answer as #, #.

Accepted Answer

270, 90

Question 5

Which of the following statements about codons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon

Question 6

What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome called?

Accepted Answer

Locus

Question 7

Which nitrogenous base is present in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 8

A zorse is a hybrid offspring of a horse (2n = 64) and a zebra (2n = 44). How many chromosomes would a zorse have in its diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

54

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype is determined by genotype

Question 10

What is the correct sequence of events in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → protein

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Codons are sequences of four bases

Question 12

What is the genotype of an organism with alleles P and p for gene P, and Y and Y for gene Y?

Accepted Answer

PpYY

Question 13

Which process occurs in the nucleus and uses a DNA template to produce mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 14

What is the function of ribosomes in the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins from mRNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes in the same loci but may carry different alleles

Question 16

What is the ploidy of human gametes?

Accepted Answer

Haploid (n)

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of a point mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to a novel allele that influences phenotype

Question 18

What is the chemical formula for the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2N{-}CHR{-}COOH}$$

Question 19

Which base pairing occurs in DNA but not in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A-T

Question 20

If a mutation changes a codon from $$\mathrm{AUG} to$$ $$\mathrm{AUA}$$, what effect will this have on translation?

Accepted Answer

It will change the amino acid from methionine to isoleucine

Information Flow: Genes, Chromosomes, Mutations, and Meiosis

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