Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, and each gamete receives one allele.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp ($$purple flowers) is self-fertilized. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$ purple : $$1$$ white

Question 3

In a dihybrid cross between two $$RrYy$$ pea plants (round, yellow seeds), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9$$ round yellow : $$3$$ round green : $$3$$ wrinkled yellow : $$1$$ wrinkled green

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower crossed with a white flower produces all pink flowers.

Question 5

A man with blood type $$AB$$ and a woman with blood type $$O$$ have a child. What are the possible blood types for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 6

Which of the following best explains epistasis?

Accepted Answer

One gene masks or modifies the effect of another gene at a different locus.

Question 7

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder and a normal man have a son. What is the probability that their son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 8

Which of the following is true about sex-limited traits?

Accepted Answer

They are expressed in only one sex, even though both sexes may carry the gene.

Question 9

A test cross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype showing the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring show the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a complex (quantitative) trait?

Accepted Answer

A trait that shows continuous variation and is influenced by multiple genes and the environment.

Question 11

In a pedigree, which pattern suggests a recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

Unaffected parents can have affected offspring.

Question 12

If a gene has three alleles in a population, how many possible genotypes can exist for this gene in diploid individuals?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$ (\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$$, where n=3$)

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A flower with red and white patches from red and white parents.

Question 14

A man with genotype $$X^A Y$$ and a woman with genotype $$X^A X^a$$ have a daughter. What is the probability that the daughter will be a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 16

A woman with genotype $$IAi ($$blood type A) and a man with genotype $$IBi ($$blood type B) have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a sex-influenced trait?

Accepted Answer

Pattern baldness

Question 18

In a cross between $$AaBb$$ and $$Aabb$$, what proportion of the offspring will be $$Aabb$$?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about X-linked recessive inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Affected fathers pass the allele to all their daughters, who become carriers if the mother is normal.

Question 20

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and is present in both males and females. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Inheritance: Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

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