Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP, which powers many cellular movements?

$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Question 2

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will first be synthesized by ribosomes attached to which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

Regulates transport of proteins and RNA into and out of the nucleus

Question 4

What is the primary function of the carbohydrate tags added to proteins in the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

To direct proteins to their correct cellular destinations

Question 5

Which cytoskeletal filament is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and cell crawling?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 6

A mutation prevents the addition of a mannose-6-phosphate tag to a protein in the Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will not be delivered to the lysosome

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming the mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 8

Which structure allows prokaryotic cells to attach to surfaces and establish infections?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 9

What is the role of chaperone proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Assisting in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic DNA is supercoiled?

Accepted Answer

To compact the DNA so it fits inside the small cell

Question 11

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of vesicles within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles are transported along microtubules by motor proteins such as kinesin

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP, which powers many cellular movements?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells do not

Question 15

A protein with an ER signal sequence is synthesized in the cytosol. What is the next step in its journey?

Accepted Answer

It is directed to the rough ER for further processing

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element is most important for resisting tension and maintaining cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 17

Which of the following best explains how proteins are sorted in the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Proteins receive specific carbohydrate tags that determine their final destination

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

Anchor the nucleus and maintain cell shape

Question 19

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of functional dynein motor proteins. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the path of a secreted protein from synthesis to export?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → plasma membrane

Inside the Cell: Structure, Function, and Dynamics of Cellular Components

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