Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Ability to reproduce using only viral machinery

Question 2

Why are viruses not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lack cellular organization and cannot reproduce independently

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

Which unit is most appropriate for measuring the diameter of a typical bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Micrometers

Question 5

Which of the following functional groups is acidic and tends to lose a proton in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 6

The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Simple organic molecules can form under conditions thought to resemble early Earth

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotes

Question 8

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and acts as a base in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of rRNA gene sequences in modern phylogenetics?

Accepted Answer

They are conserved and allow for the comparison of evolutionary relationships among all organisms

Question 10

Which of the following amino acids is classified as nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

Valine

Question 11

A molecule contains a phosphate group at the end of its carbon chain. What charge will this group most likely contribute to the molecule in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Negative charge

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of a functional group affecting protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl groups forming disulfide bonds in hair proteins

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the 'R' group in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

It determines the chemical properties and identity of the amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the hydroxyl functional group in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

It does not deprotonate and remains uncharged

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process by which the first cells are hypothesized to have formed?

Accepted Answer

Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules, followed by the formation of polymers, self-replicating molecules, and a membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of amide functional groups in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

They are polar but uncharged

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a protist?

Accepted Answer

A diverse group of eukaryotic organisms

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and its chemical property?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group – contributes negative charge

Question 19

Which of the following statements about cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All living things are made of one or more cells

Question 20

Which of the following amino acids is classified as polar, uncharged?

Accepted Answer

Serine

Introduction to Biology: Characteristics of Life, Cells, Viruses, Functional Groups, and Amino Acids

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