Q: According to the Central Dogma of Biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are capable of photosynthesis

Question 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is best known for which scientific achievement?

Accepted Answer

First to observe and describe living microorganisms

Question 3

Robert Hooke’s most significant contribution to biology was:

Accepted Answer

Coining the term 'cell' after observing cork under a microscope

Question 4

Which experiment disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment

Question 5

The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, developed by Sutton and Boveri, states that:

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes carry the units of heredity

Question 6

Which base pairing is correct according to the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 7

According to the Central Dogma of Biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 8

A mutation that changes a DNA sequence from $$	ext{ACT} ($$Thr) to $$	ext{ACA} ($$Thr) is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Synonymous mutation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with heritable traits that increase fitness are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 10

If a population of Arctic hares experiences reduced snowfall due to climate change, what is the most likely evolutionary outcome over many generations?

Accepted Answer

Hares with mutations for less coat color change may become more common

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mutation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mutation is a random process with respect to fitness

Question 12

A point mutation that results in a STOP codon is called:

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If ultraviolet light can damage DNA, then maybe this light can cause cancer.

Question 14

Which process restores genetic diversity in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must survive to reproduce

Question 16

A population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic. After several generations, most bacteria are resistant. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Resistant bacteria survived and reproduced, passing on resistance genes

Question 17

Which of the following best defines an allele?

Accepted Answer

A version of a gene

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of lateral gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A gene moving from one bacterial species to another

Question 19

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is a change in the characteristics of a population over time

Question 20

Which of the following best describes adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment

Introduction to Biology: The Study of Life, Cell Theory, and Evolution

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