Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, while an allele is a specific version of that gene.

Question 2

In pea plants, purple flower color (P) is dominant to white (p). If a heterozygous plant (Pp) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant (pp), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 purple : 1 white

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the purple allele is dominant to the white allele in pea flowers?

Accepted Answer

The purple allele produces a functional transcription factor that initiates anthocyanin production, while the white allele does not.

Question 4

If the probability of a puppy being female is $$\frac{1}{2}$$ and the probability of having a chinchilla coat is $$\frac{1}{5}$$, what is the probability that a puppy is both female and chinchilla colored?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{10}$$

Question 5

According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Question 6

A dog breeder wants to know the probability of getting a male puppy with a broken, gray coat. If the probability of gray coat is $$\frac{1}{2}$$, broken coat is $$\frac{1}{4}$$, and male is $$\frac{1}{2}$$, what is the probability for all three traits in one puppy?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best defines a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype and environment.

Question 8

If two genes are unlinked, what is the probability of inheriting both a dominant allele for gene A and a recessive allele for gene B, given that each has a $$\frac{1}{2}$$ chance of being inherited?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Aa

Question 10

A plant with genotype Pp is self-fertilized. What is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp

Question 11

Which statement best describes Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of genes on different chromosomes are distributed independently into gametes.

Question 12

A pea plant with white flowers is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers. What percentage of the offspring are expected to have purple flowers?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a locus?

Accepted Answer

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 14

If a plant has the genotype pp, what is its phenotype for flower color, assuming purple (P) is dominant to white (p)?

Accepted Answer

White flowers

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct application of the multiplication rule in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability of two independent events both occurring by multiplying their individual probabilities.

Question 16

A plant with genotype PP is crossed with a plant with genotype pp. What is the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

Pp

Question 17

Which of the following is true about dominant and recessive alleles?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele produces its phenotype when present in one or two copies, while a recessive allele requires two copies to be expressed.

Question 18

If a plant with genotype Pp is crossed with another Pp plant, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of genotype?

Accepted Answer

A person has the alleles Bb for eye color.

Question 20

A breeder wants to know the probability of getting two puppies in a row that are both female and chinchilla colored, given the probability for one is $$\frac{1}{10}. $$What is the probability for two in a row?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{100}$$

Introduction to Mendelian Genetics: Key Concepts and Applications

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