Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a nerve and a neuron in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons from multiple neurons, surrounded by connective tissue.

Question 2

Which cell type is responsible for insulating axons in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

The axon hillock of a neuron is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Deciding whether to initiate an action potential

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glial cells are critical for nervous system function in mammals?

Accepted Answer

They outnumber neurons and provide nourishment, insulation, and support.

Question 5

Which structure in the nervous system is analogous to a multi-wire cable, as shown in the provided images?

Accepted Answer

A nerve

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and dorsal, hollow spinal cord, while the PNS consists of sensory and motor neurons.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of chemical synapses in the mammalian nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They transmit signals using neurotransmitters across a small gap between neurons.

Question 8

Which glial cell type is found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and is responsible for insulating axons?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 9

A patient suffers damage to the hypothalamus. Which of the following effects might you expect, based on its dual role in the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted hormone production and altered nervous system regulation.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cephalopods (e.g., squid) have more complex nervous systems compared to sessile mollusks?

Accepted Answer

Cephalopods have a complex brain that correlates with their active lifestyle.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the transmission of a nerve impulse in a typical mammalian neuron?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Synapse

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of glial cells ($$G) $$and neurons ($$N) in $$the mammalian nervous system, given that glial cells outnumber neurons by 10 to 50 fold?

Accepted Answer

$$G = 10N to$$ $$G = 50N$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the mammalian central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They nourish neurons and help maintain the blood-brain barrier.

Question 14

A researcher is studying a flatworm's nervous system. Which of the following features would she most likely observe?

Accepted Answer

A ladder-like nervous system with transverse nerves and a brain.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the nervous system and endocrine system are considered to share 'common ground'?

Accepted Answer

Structures like the hypothalamus produce hormones and are also part of the nervous system.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of microglia in the mammalian nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells, protecting the CNS from pathogens.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the synapse in neural communication?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where electrical signals are converted to chemical signals to transmit information between neurons.

Question 18

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of Schwann cells. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired insulation of axons in the peripheral nervous system, leading to slower nerve conduction.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the nervous system of a hydra is described as a 'nerve net'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a diffuse network of interconnected neurons without centralization.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for signal transmission at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential reaches synaptic terminal → Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft → Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on postsynaptic cell

Introduction to the Nervous System: Structure and Function in Mammals and Other Animals

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