Question 1

Which process is depicted in the first image, where simple sugars are joined together and water molecules are released?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 2

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as shown in the images of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have straight tails, while unsaturated fatty acids have kinked tails due to double bonds.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of glycogen in animals, as illustrated in the highly branched polysaccharide image?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a storage form of energy.

Question 4

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down macromolecules into their subunits, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

What is the correct molecular formula for a monosaccharide with six carbons, such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE, based on the images and study materials?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are the primary structural component of cell membranes.

Question 7

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed by joining glucose and fructose via dehydration synthesis, as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 8

What is the main function of cholesterol in the cell membrane, as depicted in the last image?

Accepted Answer

It provides rigidity and stability to the membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

They have kinked fatty acid tails due to double bonds, preventing tight packing.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose; structural support in plants

Question 11

Which process requires energy input and results in the formation of a covalent bond between two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the hydrolysis of polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

It releases energy stored in the bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the specific bonds in cellulose.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a carbohydrate and its use in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; energy storage

Question 17

Which of the following is a true statement about the diversity of macromolecules in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It is mainly due to differences in their proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid molecule, such as cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Three six-membered carbon rings and one five-membered carbon ring

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose; immediate energy source

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar molecules and water is polar.

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids in Human Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions