Question 1

Which type of reaction is responsible for the formation of maltose from two glucose molecules, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 2

What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during the synthesis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 3

Which functional groups are present in the molecule shown in the second image (glyceraldehyde)?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl and carbonyl

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans fatty acids as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

Cis fatty acids have hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond, while trans fatty acids have them on opposite sides.

Question 5

Which class of biological macromolecule is NOT considered a true polymer, according to the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 6

Which polysaccharide is the main storage form of glucose in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

What is the main structural difference between starch and cellulose, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of α-glucose monomers, while cellulose is composed of β-glucose monomers.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 9

Which functional group is unique to phospholipids and not found in triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 10

A supplement label lists 8g of total carbohydrates, 7g of dietary fiber, and 2g of soluble fiber per serving. How many grams of insoluble fiber are present per serving?

Accepted Answer

$$7 - 2 = 5$$ grams

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane fluidity regulation

Question 12

Which process is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose monomers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of the industrial production of trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased shelf life of processed foods

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break β-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in animals

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process by which a triglyceride is formed?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids are joined to a glycerol molecule by dehydration reactions, forming ester bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They are more likely to be liquid at room temperature.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why glucose is a convenient source of energy for cells?

Accepted Answer

It is easily transported in the blood and rapidly metabolized during cellular respiration.

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates & Lipids – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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