Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a bond between two monosaccharides.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer-polymer pair?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide - Polysaccharide

Question 3

Which property of water is most directly responsible for its ability to moderate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 4

A patient is unable to digest lactose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what type of reaction is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following carbohydrates is primarily used for energy storage in animal livers?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is an important dietary fiber for humans, even though we cannot digest it?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose aids in digestive health by adding bulk to stool.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a common monosaccharide found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is used for energy storage in plants, while cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.

Question 9

A student mixes glucose and fructose in a test tube and adds an enzyme that catalyzes dehydration synthesis. What disaccharide will be formed?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why high-fructose corn syrup and table sugar are considered different, even though both are sweeteners?

Accepted Answer

High-fructose corn syrup is a mixture of free glucose and fructose, while table sugar is sucrose, a disaccharide.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of oligosaccharides found on cell membrane surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and signaling

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Chitin forms the exoskeletons of arthropods and some fungi cell walls.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why whole grain bread is considered healthier than white bread?

Accepted Answer

Whole grain bread contains more fiber and complex carbohydrates, which are digested more slowly.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Amylose: energy storage in plants

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why glucose is essential for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is broken down to produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide is a single sugar unit, while a disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fiber cannot be used for energy by humans?

Accepted Answer

Fiber is composed of cellulose, which humans lack the enzymes to hydrolyze.

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates – Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

Study Guide - Practice Questions