Q: Which formula can be used to calculate the probability of a specific genotype in a dihybrid cross?

Multiplication rule: $$P(A ext{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

A haploid cell contains one set of chromosomes, while a diploid cell contains two sets.

Question 2

During sexual reproduction in humans, what is the chromosome number of the zygote immediately after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

2n

Question 3

If a diploid organism has a haploid number $$n = 4$$, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can be produced in its gametes due to independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$2^4 = 16$

Question 4

Which event during meiosis is primarily responsible for generating genetic diversity among offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

What would happen if human gametes were produced by mitosis instead of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The zygote would have a tetraploid chromosome number ($$4n).$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis occurs in somatic cells, while mitosis occurs in gametes.

Question 7

A person with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) has how many chromosomes in each somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

47

Question 8

Which stage of meiosis is most likely to result in nondisjunction leading to Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 9

In humans, how many autosomes are present in a typical diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

44

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why most chromosomal cancers are not inherited by offspring?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal cancers usually occur in somatic cells, not gametes.

Question 11

A tetraploid organism has four sets of chromosomes. Which event could lead to tetraploidy in a species?

Accepted Answer

Failure of chromosome separation during meiosis followed by self-fertilization

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of a recessive inherited disorder caused by a loss-of-function allele?

Accepted Answer

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 13

If a plant with genotype $$RR ($$red flowers) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$rr ($$white flowers), what will be the genotype of all offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$Rr$$

Question 14

Which formula can be used to calculate the probability of a specific genotype in a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

Multiplication rule: $$P(A 	ext{ and } B) = P(A) 	imes P(B)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete carries only one allele for each inherited characteristic.

Question 16

Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with Klinefelter syndrome?

Accepted Answer

XXY

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the production of gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Half of the gametes will have a normal chromosome number, and half will be abnormal.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It aligns homologous chromosomes during prophase I for crossing over.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that increases genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during mitosis

Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics: Mechanisms of Inheritance and Genetic Diversity

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