Question 1

Which of the following best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically different from their parents?

Accepted Answer

Because crossing over and independent assortment occur during meiosis.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 3

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 4

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

In plants, the alternation of generations includes both a multicellular diploid stage and a multicellular haploid stage. What are these stages called?

Accepted Answer

Sporophyte and gametophyte

Question 6

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are formed during the S phase of interphase and are identical except when crossing over occurs.

Question 7

A diploid cell in a fungus undergoes meiosis. What is the next step in its life cycle?

Accepted Answer

The haploid cells grow by mitosis into a multicellular organism.

Question 8

Which process restores the diploid number of chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 9

If a cell with genotype $$AaBb$$ undergoes meiosis, what is the probability that a gamete will receive the $$ab$$ combination, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four unique haploid cells.

Question 11

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids into haploid cells

Question 13

A mutation occurs in a gene during the formation of a gamete. Which process ensures that this mutation can be passed to the next generation?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 15

In human females, oogenesis results in the formation of:

Accepted Answer

One ovum and three polar bodies

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number after meiosis in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

They may contain different alleles for the same gene.

Question 18

Which life cycle is characterized by a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid stage?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations (plants and some algae)

Question 19

If a diploid organism has a chromosome number of $$2n = 8$$, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2^4 = 16$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents can look very different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis create unique combinations of alleles in each gamete.

Chapter 13: Meiosis

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