Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins floating in or attached to the bilayer, allowing lateral movement.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which of the following molecules would most easily diffuse through a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 4

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A patient with type A blood receives type B blood in a transfusion. What is the most likely outcome and why?

Accepted Answer

A severe immune reaction, because the patient's anti-B antibodies attack the B antigens.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why individuals lacking the CCR5 co-receptor are resistant to HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

HIV cannot bind and enter cells without the CCR5 co-receptor.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Acting as markers for cell recognition

Question 8

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of and potassium into the cell, maintaining membrane potential.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of bulk transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 11

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 13

Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It requires oxygen to proceed.

Question 15

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why plant cells become turgid in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water enters the cell, and the cell wall prevents bursting, resulting in turgor pressure.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH and FADH2, which carry electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while facilitated diffusion does not.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates NAD+ by transferring electrons to an organic molecule.

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