Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of plasmolysis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

The plant cell loses water in a hypertonic environment, causing the membrane to pull away from the cell wall.

Question 2

A voltage-gated ion channel, as shown in the first image, opens in response to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A change in the membrane potential across the cell membrane.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 4

Refer to the second image. What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump depicted?

Accepted Answer

To actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why active transport requires energy?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules against their concentration gradient, which is energetically unfavorable.

Question 6

A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Take up water, become turgid, and develop turgor pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of cotransport in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient created by active transport to drive the uptake of sucrose into a plant cell.

Question 8

Which type of endocytosis is responsible for the uptake of cholesterol in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 9

Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Defective or missing LDL receptor proteins, leading to cholesterol accumulation in the blood.

Question 10

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created or destroyed.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

It releases free energy to the surroundings and is spontaneous.

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a catalyst for chemical reactions.

Question 14

Why is the hydrolysis of ATP considered exergonic?

Accepted Answer

It releases free energy due to the chemical change to a state of lower free energy in the products.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_A) $$required for a reaction.

Question 16

A solution of sucrose and water is left at room temperature for years with little hydrolysis. However, adding sucrase results in rapid hydrolysis. This demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous but requires a catalyst to proceed at a useful rate.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of cofactors in enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Cofactors are nonprotein helpers that may be required for enzyme function.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the bulk movement of large molecules, such as proteins, across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following statements about entropy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous processes increase the entropy of the universe.

Membrane Transport and Metabolism in Cells

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