Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 2

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation when crossing purple and white flowered plants?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 3

If a pea plant has the genotype $$PP ($$homozygous dominant) for flower color, what will its phenotype be?

Accepted Answer

Purple flowers

Question 4

Which term describes the physical appearance of an organism resulting from its genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Question 5

A cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$Pp 	imes Pp) $$produces offspring. What is the expected genotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (PP$$:Pp:pp)

Question 6

Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles determine the phenotype when paired with a recessive allele.

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between pea plants with genotypes $$YyRr 	imes YyRr$$, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 8

Which concept explains why genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 9

A child is born with polydactyly (extra fingers or toes), which is caused by a dominant allele ($$P). If $$both parents are heterozygous ($$Pp$$), what is the probability that their child will have the normal number of digits?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene produces multiple phenotypes.

Question 11

In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes. One gene determines pigment color (B for black, b for brown), and the other gene (E) determines whether pigment is deposited. What is the phenotype of a dog with genotype $$bbEE$$?

Accepted Answer

Brown coat

Question 12

Which inheritance pattern results in a bell-shaped curve distribution of phenotypes, such as human height or skin color?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 13

Hydrangea flowers can be pink or blue depending on soil acidity, even if their genotype is the same. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Multifactorial inheritance

Question 14

Which of the following is true about carriers of recessively inherited disorders?

Accepted Answer

Carriers are heterozygous and phenotypically normal.

Question 15

Albinism is a recessive condition. If two parents are both carriers ($$Aa$$), what is the probability that their child will have albinism?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink flowers.

Question 17

The ABO blood group in humans is determined by three alleles ($$I^A$$, $$I^B$$, $$i). $$Which genotype results in blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

$$I^A I^B$$

Question 18

Which term describes a gene that alters the expression of another gene at a different locus?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 19

If a gene produces multiple phenotypes, such as cystic fibrosis affecting lungs, pancreas, and other organs, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Mendel's principles are still relevant in modern genetics?

Accepted Answer

They provide a foundation for understanding genes and chromosomes.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Foundations of Modern Genetics

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