Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an experimental advantage of using garden peas (Pisum sativum) as a model organism in Mendel’s studies?

Accepted Answer

They allow for controlled mating through self- and cross-pollination.

Question 2

Mendel’s Law of Segregation is best explained by which event during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

Question 3

A true-breeding yellow-seeded pea plant (YY) is crossed with a true-breeding green-seeded plant (yy). All F1 offspring have yellow seeds. If two F1 plants are crossed, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$ yellow to green

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two plants heterozygous for both seed color (Yy) and seed shape (Rr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the F2 offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the concept of particulate inheritance as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Traits are transmitted in discrete units that do not blend.

Question 6

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers produces pink flowers.

Question 8

In humans, albinism is a recessive trait. If two parents are both carriers (heterozygous) for albinism, what is the probability that their child will be albino?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the law of independent assortment does not always apply to genes located on the same chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Linked genes tend to be inherited together unless crossing over occurs.

Question 10

A man with genotype $$I^A i$$ and a woman with genotype $$I^B i$$ have children. Which blood types are possible among their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A, B, AB, and O

Question 11

A brown-furred dog (recessive trait) is born to two black-furred parents. What must be true about the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both parents are heterozygous for fur color.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens.

Question 13

If a plant with genotype $$YyRr is $$self-crossed, what fraction of the offspring will have yellow, wrinkled seeds? (Assume Y = yellow, y = green, R = round, r = wrinkled)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{16}$$

Question 14

Which statement best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype, but environmental factors can also influence phenotype.

Question 15

A heterozygous purple-flowered pea plant (Pp) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (pp). What is the expected ratio of purple to white flowers in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct consequence of organisms being diploid?

Accepted Answer

Each organism has two alleles for each gene.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a heterozygous individual (Pp) for flower color in peas has purple flowers?

Accepted Answer

The dominant allele produces enough functional protein to result in the purple phenotype.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a human trait that follows Mendelian inheritance patterns?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Question 19

A cross between two heterozygous hamsters for orange fur (Ff) produces F2 offspring. What is the expected phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$ orange to grey

Question 20

Which of the following inheritance patterns is NOT explained by Mendel’s laws?

Accepted Answer

Sex-linked inheritance

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Patterns of Inheritance

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