Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair during gamete formation.

Question 2

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (YyRr x YyRr), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with yellow, wrinkled seeds? (Yellow: Y, green: y; Round: R, wrinkled: r)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{16}$$

Question 3

A plant with genotype AaBbCc is self-fertilized. What proportion of the offspring will show the recessive phenotype for all three genes?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{64}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with both M and N antigens on their red blood cells.

Question 5

If a pure black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a white guinea pig (bb), what fraction of the black F2 generation is expected to be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 6

In a tetrahybrid cross (AaBbCcDd x AaBbCcDd), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype AaBBCCdd?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{64}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles always mask the effect of recessive alleles in heterozygotes.

Question 8

A cross between two pink snapdragon flowers (incomplete dominance) results in what phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

1 red : 2 pink : 1 white

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why wrinkled seeds appear in some pea plants?

Accepted Answer

The recessive allele leads to accumulation of monosaccharides and excess water, causing wrinkling when seeds dry.

Question 10

If the probability of a sperm carrying allele A is $$\frac{1}{2}$$ and the probability of an egg carrying allele a is $$\frac{1}{2}$$, what is the probability that their union will produce an Aa offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding Mendel’s monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

It revealed the law of segregation.

Question 12

A man with genotype $$L^M L^N$$ for the MN blood group marries a woman with genotype $$L^N L^N. $$What is the probability that their child will have the MN phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits, while codominance results in both traits being fully expressed.

Question 14

If two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt) are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will be short?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of a dominant allele being less common in a population than a recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

Polydactyly in humans

Question 16

In a cross between two heterozygous plants (Yy), what is the expected genotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

1 YY : 2 Yy : 1 yy

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross shows a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

The alleles for each gene segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 18

A woman with genotype $$C^R C^W ($$pink flowers, incomplete dominance) is crossed with a man with genotype $$C^W C^W ($$white flowers). What is the probability that their child will have pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a correct application of the rule of multiplication in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability of a heterozygote by adding probabilities.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the relationship between genotype and phenotype is correct?

Accepted Answer

The pathway from genotype to phenotype determines dominance and recessiveness.

Mendelian Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance: Study Guide

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