Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp ($$purple flowers) is self-fertilized. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 ($$purple:white)

Question 3

In a test cross between a plant with an unknown genotype for purple flowers (dominant) and a white-flowered plant (recessive), half the offspring have purple flowers and half have white flowers. What is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

$$Pp$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a real-world application of Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Predicting the likelihood of inheriting two unlinked genetic diseases in humans.

Question 5

If a true-breeding tall pea plant ($$TT) is $$crossed with a true-breeding short pea plant ($$tt$$), what will be the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: $$Tt$$, Phenotype: all tall

Question 6

Which statement about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits at the same loci, but may have different alleles.

Question 7

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 8

A plant with genotype $$Bb is $$crossed with another $$Bb$$ plant. What is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1$$ ($$BB:Bb:bb)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants can self-fertilize and be easily cross-pollinated.

Question 10

If a plant with genotype $$Nn ($$mixed flowers) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$nn ($$pistillate flowers), what proportion of the offspring will have pistillate flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$1/2$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of Mendel’s experimental design?

Accepted Answer

He only studied one plant at a time.

Question 12

A Punnett square is used to:

Accepted Answer

Predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Question 13

Which of the following crosses would produce only heterozygous offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$BB 	imes bb$$

Question 14

If a plant with genotype $$Nn is $$crossed with another $$Nn$$ plant, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype, even if only one copy is present.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

A plant with round, yellow seeds produces offspring with all possible combinations of seed shape and color.

Question 17

Which process results in the formation of haploid gametes from diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 18

A true-breeding black beetle is crossed with a true-breeding brown beetle. All F1 offspring are black. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 ($$black:brown)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the white-flowered trait reappeared in the F2 generation of Mendel’s pea plants?

Accepted Answer

The white allele was masked by the dominant purple allele in the F1 generation.

Mendelian Genetics: Principles of Inheritance and Experimental Evidence

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