Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype Pp (P = purple, p = white) is self-fertilized. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 (3 $$purple : 1 white)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers.

Question 4

If a cat with genotype Ttbb (T = long tail, t = short tail, B = brown eyes, b = blue eyes) is crossed with a cat with genotype ttBb, what proportion of the offspring will have long tails and blue eyes?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dominant and recessive alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele will always mask the effect of a recessive allele in a heterozygote.

Question 6

A true-breeding yellow-seeded pea plant (YY) is crossed with a true-breeding green-seeded plant (yy). What will be the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: Yy; Phenotype: all yellow

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The inheritance of seed color does not affect the inheritance of seed shape in pea plants.

Question 8

A person with genotype AaBbCc for three genes (each with two alleles) can produce how many genetically different types of gametes?

Accepted Answer

$$2^3 = 8$

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disorder caused by a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

Huntington’s disease

Question 10

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A single trait is controlled by multiple genes, each contributing to the phenotype.

Question 11

If two heterozygous purple-flowered pea plants (Pp) are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens.

Question 13

Which of the following terms describes the physical appearance of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Question 14

A genetic cross between two individuals results in offspring with a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. What type of cross is this?

Accepted Answer

Dihybrid cross

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding recessively inherited disorders?

Accepted Answer

They are more common in the population than dominantly inherited disorders.

Question 16

Which of the following best defines an allele?

Accepted Answer

A variant form of a gene at a particular locus on a chromosome.

Question 17

A man with Huntington’s disease (Hh) and a woman without the disease (hh) have children. What is the probability that a child will inherit the disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a reason why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have a long generation time.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Two different alleles for a given gene.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a recessively inherited disorder?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Mendelian Inheritance: Principles, Patterns, and Extensions

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