$$6\ \text{CO}_2 + 6\ \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\ \text{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main structural difference between bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have cell walls containing peptidoglycan, while archaea have cell walls lacking peptidoglycan.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microbe living in a highly acidic hot spring. Which domain is this organism most likely to belong to?

Accepted Answer

Domain Archaea

Question 3

Which process allows bacteria to exchange genetic material directly through cell-to-cell contact?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by helpful bacteria in the environment?

Accepted Answer

Causing disease outbreaks

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct comparison between fungi and plants?

Accepted Answer

Fungi use chitin in their cell walls, while plants use cellulose.

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that releases toxins only when the cell dies. What type of toxin is this?

Accepted Answer

Endotoxin

Question 7

Which of the following traits is shared by all plants?

Accepted Answer

Retained embryo

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why antibiotic resistance is becoming a major problem?

Accepted Answer

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in agriculture and medicine select for resistant bacteria.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protist causing disease?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium sp. causing malaria

Question 10

Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ 	ext{CO}_2 + 6\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6\ 	ext{O}_2$$

Question 11

Which adaptation allowed plants to survive and reproduce on land?

Accepted Answer

Waxy cuticle to prevent water loss

Question 12

Which of the following is a major difference between protists and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protists are eukaryotic, while bacteria are prokaryotic.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 14

Which of the following domains are most closely related, sharing a more recent common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and eukarya

Question 15

A bread mold is classified as a fungus. Which characteristic distinguishes fungi from plants?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are chemoheterotrophic, while plants are photoautotrophic.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria replicate their DNA and divide into two identical cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of bacteria in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to produce insulin for diabetes treatment

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mycelium in fungi?

Accepted Answer

It is a network of hyphae that absorbs nutrients from the environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of widespread antibiotic misuse in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the evolution of land plants?

Accepted Answer

Bryophytes → Seedless vascular plants → Seeded vascular plants

Microbes, Plants, and Fungi: Diversity and Evolution

Study Guide - Practice Questions